There are many instances in golf where acceleration comes into play.
The club hitting the ball: Hitting the all is a great example of acceleration in golf. As the club is being swung force builds up and the club goes faster. When the club head meets the ball the clubs force is transferred into the ball. The ball then accelerates. There is no exact rate at which the ball will accelerate because everyone swings at different speeds.
The club being swung: Another example of acceleration in golf is the club being swung. Acceleration happens in a couple different places in the swing. One is the back swing. The person accelerates the club from a resting position to the end of the back swing. The other is the actual swing. The person's body unwinds at the hips and shoulders and the club accelerates, at a higher rate than the back swing, towards the ball. The club head also has some weight to it and it helps to leverage the club along with your arms to accelerate the club even more.
Rolling: Rolling acceleration happens more than you might think in golf. All golf courses have hills. When your ball lands atop a hill it often times stops because of friction. After it is stopped gravity takes over and that hill makes the ball accelerate once again. The ball rolls down the hill and stops for the second time. Golf balls don't only roll down hills they can also roll when the wind pushes it.