There are several different places in golf where Friction comes into play.
Rolling Friction: The ball rolling on the green As the ball rolls on the green it displays rolling friction. Rolling friction is when an object, in this case a ball, rolls on a surface and the rolling friction is what slows it down. When a person putts the ball across the green rolling friction acts on it and slows it down.
Static Friction: The ball sitting on the green/fairway/tee Static friction is the friction that exists between a stationary object and the surface on which it's resting. Friction in general is a force that makes it harder for two objects to move alongside one another. In this instance the static friction is the ball resting on a surface such as the fairway. The club has to overcome the static friction to move the ball. Often times the static friction is very easy overcome.
Sliding Friction: The club going through sand/grass Sliding friction is the friction between two bodies that are in sliding contact. Then the club head travels through a substance like sand or grass that are commonly encountered in golf. The club slides through the grass to the ball making is sliding friction. This is even more common when the player is in the sand. It’s more common because players are taught to hit the ball while swinging through all of the sand near the ball to get out of the sand trap.